64.2 Majors in Business

64.2.1 Major in Accounting

I. Description of Field

Although there is significant overlap, accounting is generally divided into financial and managerial perspectives, with auditing and taxation as related areas of expertise. Financial accounting responds to the need for organizations to be accountable to society and to provide external parties with relevant information for making economic decisions. Financial statements are used by investors, creditors, government agencies, taxation authorities, employees, consumers, and other groups. Managerial accounting emphasizes the use of information within organizations to effectively plan and control operations, and to make a wide variety of business decisions. Auditing plays an integral role in providing accounting information. Auditors are independent accountants who assess accounting information and systems to ensure that the information produced is sufficiently objective and reliable that users can confidently use the information to make decisions and enter into contracts.

Accounting is of interest to all those who expect to be involved in managing and decision making within organizations because it provides a significant part of the information available. Conversely, accountants must extend their knowledge to include knowledge of other business disciplines, as well as knowledge about the economy and society at large, if they are to provide consistently useful information in a changing, competitive world. Accordingly, the accounting major leaves students considerable room to select electives to round out their personal program.

II. Career Opportunities

Graduates with an accounting major may wish to continue their studies by pursuing a professional designation in accounting. In Alberta, there are three professional accounting groups: the Chartered Accountants (CA), Certified General Accountants (CGA), and Certified Management Accountants (CMA). Courses required by these designations are listed in section IV. Graduates holding these designations work in public practice and in industry. Those in public practice engage in a wide variety of tasks including accounting and financial advisory services, auditing, taxation and business consulting. In industry, the roles of controller, chief financial officer, and other management positions are often filled by professional accountants. An accounting background is also useful to other professional designations such as Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), Chartered Financial Planner (CFP), Chartered Business Valuator (CBV), and Certified Investment Manager (CIM). Students considering any of these designations should consult the appropriate professional publications for more information.

Accounting backgrounds are also useful for students who prefer to move directly into managerial or entrepreneurial positions because accounting information forms the basis for many business decisions.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MGTSC 312

MARK 301

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322

SMO 201

FIN 301

MIS 311 (See Note 4)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Three

ACCTG 414

ACCTG 415

ACCTG 424

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 352 (See Note 4)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

12 Accounting electives (See Note 5)

18 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4.
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term. Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281, which is accepted as a substitute for BUEC 311 in the Accounting major.
(4)	May be taken either in Year Two, (Winter Term) or Year Three.
(5)	a. Students planning to work toward professional accounting designations should, in addition to the requirements of the major, consider taking courses for the applicable accounting organization. See §62.1.6 for contact information for the Accounting organizations. b. While students are advised to follow the sequencing of accounting courses determined by the course prerequisites, when necessary, after-degree students or students with special scheduling problems may take an accounting course and its prerequisite concurrently with permission of the Department Chair.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Accounting may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Accounting by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5.

V. Professional Requirements

Contact the applicable Accounting Organization for a listing of professional requirements. See §62.1.6

64.2.2 Major in Business Economics and Law

I. Description of Field

The Major in Business Economics and Law looks at the application of managerial economic and legal concepts and at the way in which they combine and interact to affect the conduct of business. It studies how business economics and law affect the firm and its operation and how both create the environment in which the firm operates. Many courses within the two areas relate predominantly to one orientation, although some courses have extensive elements of both. It is thus possible within the major to take a broad approach or to concentrate on the firm or on the environment of the firm. The major requirements ensure, however, that students are exposed to the basic managerial economic issues that affect the conduct of business and to several functional areas of business law.

II. Career Opportunities

Employers frequently prefer students with broad based education and a good grasp of the “real world” environment. Students in this major benefit from the breadth of a more generalist degree, while also acquiring specialist knowledge. This major is suited to students interested in working in smaller companies where a broad perspective of the operations of the firm and its environment is essential. The major may also be of interest to students who intend further advanced study in the areas of economics or law.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MGTSC 312

MARK 301

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322

SMO 201

FIN 301

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 (See Note 3)

6 Business Economics and Law electives (See Note 4)

15 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Four

BUEC 479

B LAW 402 or 403

6 Business Economics and Law electives (See Note 4)

18 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	Students must take at least 12 in Business Economics and Law courses at the 300 or 400-level. Of these, at least 3 must be in BUEC and 3 must be in B LAW. Business Economics and Business Law courses may be chosen from the following depending on the stream selected: Firm: BUEC 311 or ECON 281; B LAW 402; ECON 373, 378, 471, 472. Environment: BUEC 342, 442, 444, 463, 464, 488; B LAW 428, 432, 442, 444, 488. Firm and Environment: B LAW 403, 422; ECON 373, 471, 472. (BUEC 311, 342, ECON 281, 373 and 378 are considered 400-level courses for the purpose of satisfying this major.)
(5)	ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Business Economics and Law may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Business Economics and Law students are permitted to count one of the secondary core courses required in the Business Economics and Law major as one of the four courses constituting their minor.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Business Economics and Law by completing both B LAW 301 and BUEC 311 (whether or not they are required by the student's major). An additional 9 in Business Economics and Law courses at the 400-level is also required. Of these, at least 3 must be in B LAW and 3 must be in BUEC.

64.2.3 Major in Business Studies

I. Description of Field

Students who wish to keep their options open and explore the many facets of a Business education should choose a major in Business Studies. This major allows students to choose coursework from all functional areas to obtain a broad, generalist degree. Students must do coursework outside the Faculty of Business that supports the major's intent to produce well-rounded graduates with diverse talents. Courses in languages, science and technology, humanities and social sciences are particularly recommended with an ideal balance being selections from each of these major areas.

II. Career Opportunities

Many employers prefer the generalist graduate with a versatile education background. Such a graduate has exposure to many functional areas and is thus flexible enough to move into many roles and positions in institutions, whether large or small, public or private. A graduate will be well-positioned for entrepreneurial ventures and for further educational and professional training.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

BUS 201

ACCTG 311

MGTSC 312

MARK 301

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

SMO 201

FIN 301

ACCTG 322 (See Note 3)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 4)

6 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Four

SMO 441

BUEC 479

15 Senior Business electives (See Note 4)

6 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4.
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	See §64.1.3. All Business Studies majors must take Senior Business electives from at least four of the subject areas of Business, one of which may be expanded into a minor area of specialization. Students may elect to do a minor in any subject area of Business. Areas available for minors are Accounting, Management Information Systems, Finance, Management Science, Marketing, Business Economics, Business Law, and Organizational Analysis. A minor is constituted by 12 in any subject area at the 300- or 400-level beyond the primary core.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Business Studies may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not choose to minor in Business Studies.

64.2.4 Major in Decision and Information Systems

I. Description of Field

Decision and Information Systems merges topics in operations management and management information systems. Many business operations require intensive knowledge of computing and information systems. Similarly, management of computing and information facilities often requires deep understanding of such issues as scheduling, replacement strategy, and policies on the development and adoption of new technology.

II. Career Opportunities

This program trains students for managerial positions and entrepreneurial opportunities in an economy that is becoming more computer and information intensive. Specialists in Decision and Information Systems combine a background in Operations Management with a knowledge of current computing technologies. They design and manage computerized systems that control the production and distribution of a firm's goods and services. Career opportunities exist in most industries and government organizations.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

FIN 301

MIS 311

MGTSC 352 (See Note 2)

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Three

ACCTG 322

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Notes 2 and 5)

CMPUT 114 or 174 (See Note 1)

CMPUT 115 or 175

MIS 412 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 422 (See Note 3)

3 to 6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

MIS 413 (See Note 3)

MIS 415 (See Note 3)

15 in Decision and Information Systems electives (See Note 4)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4. Some Decision and Information Systems students will find it useful to develop a strong background in computing science. Such students should consult the Computing Science section or seek Faculty advice for appropriate course offerings and sequencing. Students contemplating the pursuit of higher level computing science courses should consider taking either CMPUT 114 and 115 or CMPUT 174 and 175 in Year One (Preprofessional Year) or Year Two, to obtain the prerequisites for higher level computing courses. Students with no prior programming experience should either take CMPUT 101 followed by CMPUT 114 and 115, or take the CMPUT 174 and 175 sequence, which does not require prior programming experience. These courses satisfy the requirements in Year Two for electives outside Business. Students must contact the Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis early in their program regarding appropriate and available coursework.
(2)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(3)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Four.
(4)	Decision and Information Systems electives may be chosen from any 400-level MGTSC courses, any 400-level MIS courses and from a list of additional approved courses available from the Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis office. At least two of the five courses chosen must be MGTSC courses.
(5)	Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281. See §64.1.4(4). ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Decision and Information Systems may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Students are urged to select areas that complement the major. Students may also wish to consider the Cooperative Education program (see §64.5).
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not choose a minor in Decision and Information Systems. Interested students should consult the Management Information Systems major or the Operations Management major for information on minors in those areas.
(3)	Students wishing to construct informal programs of study outside the Faculty of Business should consider the following suggestions: a. Economics: Any senior ECON course, with Departmental approval. b. Statistics/Mathematics: Additional work is recommended for students interested in research and/or graduate work.

64.2.5 Major in Distribution Management

I. Description of Field

This field addresses the systems and facilities which physically deliver products to consumers. It includes such topics as optimal plant and warehouse location, management of complex inventories, and the relationship of storing and moving goods to the marketing and purchasing strategy of a business. The success of many businesses and government organizations depends on how quickly and efficiently they can bridge the gaps between location of sources of products and the location requirements of the consumers who use these products.

II. Career Opportunities

Opportunities for employment are found in large and small organizations with complex distribution systems. Examples include organizations with a large number of products and outlets, as well as organizations where products or services must be delivered in a timely manner. Specialists in Distribution Management design and locate production facilities, warehouses, and product networks. Employment opportunities exist in many diverse industries.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

SMO 201

MGTSC 352 (See Note 2)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 3)

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Notes 2 and 5)

MARK 468 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 405 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 426 (See Note 3)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Four

MGTSC 461 (See Note 3)

9 in Distribution Management electives (See Note 4)

18 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(3)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(4)	Distribution Management electives may be chosen from any 400-level MGTSC courses and from a list of additional approved courses available from the Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis office.
(5)	Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281. See §64.1.4(4). ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Distribution Management may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Students are urged to select areas that complement the major. Students may also wish to consider the Cooperative Education program (see §64.5).
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not choose a minor in Distribution Management. Interested students should consult the Marketing major or the Operations Management major for information on minors in those areas.
(3)	Students wishing to construct informal programs of study outside the Faculty of Business should consider the following suggestions: a. Economics: Any senior ECON course, with Departmental approval. b. Statistics/Mathematics: Additional work is recommended for students who are interested in research and/or graduate work.

64.2.6 Major in East Asian Studies

I. Description of Field

The Faculty of Business, through its Centre for International Business Studies (CIBS), and in cooperation with the Faculty of Arts, Department of East Asian Studies, offers this innovative and unique program to produce business graduates with an expertise in the language, culture, history, and economics of East Asian countries with particular emphasis on China, Japan and Korea. Formal international study exchanges are available in China, Japan and Korea to enhance the experience in the program. Support has been received from the Asia Pacific Foundation and the Eldon Foote Endowment Fund.

II. Career Opportunities

Students acquire the functional business skills required of today's managers, and the language capability and cultural sensitivity enabling them to interact comfortably with Alberta and Canada's East Asian trading partners. A graduate would also qualify to assume an overseas posting or to pursue further studies in East Asian countries. Opportunities in all areas of business would exist both in the government and the private sector, wherever specialized expertise in the Far East is called for.

III. Sequence of Courses

Preprofessional Year

ECON 101

ECON 102

One of ENGL 111, 112, 113, 114

MATH 113

STAT 151

6 in language (See Note 1)

6 in electives outside Business (See Note 2)

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in language (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ECON 211

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in language (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 2)

Year Three

HIST 281

6 in language (See Note 1)

3 Asian electives (See Note 3)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 4)

3 International Business Electives (See Note 5)

6 in free electives (See Note 2)

Year Four

3 Asian electives (See Note 3)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 4)

6 International Business electives (See Note 5)

12 in free electives (See Note 2)

Notes
(1)	See (V) for specific sequencing. Some students in the Chinese stream may not be required to take as many language courses as others. In these cases, students must take an additional number of East Asian electives equal to the number of language courses from which they are exempt.
(2)	See §64.1.4. Language studies majors should consider taking basic coursework in political science or history during their first year. They are encouraged to use their free electives in subsequent years to acquire broader skills in functional areas of Business.
(3)	Asian electives should be chosen from courses in culture, history, political science, economics and geography (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) relating to their area of interest. As available and appropriate courses will vary from year to year, students should consult the Undergraduate Office for approval of Asian electives. Students in the Chinese stream may be required to take more Asian electives depending on their language competency. See V(1).
(4)	See §64.1.3. Language studies majors should consider taking coursework in the secondary core in Business.
(5)	International Business Electives may be chosen from the following: ACCTG 442; B LAW 442, 444; BUEC 342, 442; FIN 442; MARK 442; SMO 417, 435. BUEC 342 is recommended as a first course in an International sequence.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in East Asian Studies may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are recommended but are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not do a minor in East Asian Studies.

V. Language Streams

(1)	Chinese: Students in Chinese Studies will be divided into groups based on language competency determined by an interview with a representative of the Department of East Asian Studies. Group 1: Those with no background in Mandarin or other Chinese language. Group 2: Those with some prior knowledge of spoken Mandarin, but needing training in reading and writing. Group 3: Those with knowledge of a dialect such as Cantonese. a. Required Language Sequencing i. Group 1: CHINA 101, 102, 201, 202, 301, and 302 or 318. (6 in East Asian electives required.) ii. Group 2: CHINA 201, 202, 301, and 302 or 318 (12 in East Asian electives required.) iii. Group 3: CHINA 211, 212 (18 in East Asian electives required.)
(2)	Japanese a. Required Language Sequencing: JAPAN 101, 102, 201, 202, 301, and 302. (6 in East Asian Electives required.)
(3)	Korean a. Required Language Sequencing: Please see the Undergraduate Office.

64.2.7 Major in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise

I. Description of Field

Entrepreneurial activity is vital to economic development and societal well-being. All progressive societies have economic systems that create new firms as well as encourage entrepreneurial renewal in existing firms. Family enterprises are important economic entities, representing the predominant form of business organization around the globe (between 65% and 80% of the world’s businesses are controlled by families). This specialization aims to help students develop the attitudes, knowledge and skills needed to work effectively in a start-up or collaboratively with others in existing firms. Two streams are available—the general entrepreneurship stream and the family enterprise stream. Depending upon their emphasis, students will learn how to:

(1)	Identify and evaluate business opportunities, mobilize resources, and create an organization;
(2)	Manage the transition from an entrepreneurial start-up to a more complex business entity;
(3)	Interact with family enterprises more effectively, through enhanced understanding of the unique challenges facing such organizations in different regions of the world; and/or,
(4)	Integrate family members into a business venture, take over leadership of a family enterprise, pass a business onto the next generation, and manage the trans-generational transfer of wealth.

II. Career Opportunities

The highs, lows, and personal rewards of founding or owning a business are well-documented in the media. A number of exciting, challenging, and rewarding careers are available to students who specialize in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise. Three distinct career paths include:

(1)	Creating, owning and/or managing a business venture (either immediately upon graduation or after obtaining experience in other firms);
(2)	Becoming the next-generation leader of an existing family enterprise (whether that enterprise is operated by one’s own family or someone else’s);
(3)	Becoming a professional advisor (such as an accountant, financial services provider, management consultant, or lawyer) who specializes in entrepreneurial and/or family-controlled enterprises.

By specializing in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise, students will also develop more informed answers to such career-defining questions as, “Do I have what it takes to become an entrepreneur?”, “Do I want to launch a business with family members or join a family enterprise?”, and/or, “Do I want to market myself as an advisor to entrepreneurial and family-controlled firms?”

III. Sequence of Courses

Both streams

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MGTSC 312

MARK 301

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three—General Entrepreneurship Stream

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

SMO 430 (See Note 2)

SMO 431 (See Note 3)

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

6 in SMO electives (See Note 4)

3 in senior Business electives outside SMO

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three—Family Enterprise Stream

B LAW 301

MIS 311

SMO 428 (See Note 2)

SMO 442 (See Note 3)

6 in SMO electives (See Note 4)

3 in HECOL/SOC electives (See Note 5)

3 in senior Business electives outside SMO (See Note 6)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Four—General Entrepreneurship Stream

ACCTG 412 (See Note 3)

B LAW 402 or 422 (See Note 3)

SMO 441 (See Note 2)

6 in SMO electives (See Note 4)

3 in 300- or 400-level MARK

3 in senior Business electives outside SMO

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Four—Family Enterprise Stream

B LAW 402 or 422 (See Note 3)

SMO 427 (See Note 2)

SMO 441 (See Note 2)

3 in SMO 430 or 431

3 in SMO electives (See Note 4)

6 in senior Business electives outside SMO

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §§64.1.4 and 64.1.3(6). Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise students are encouraged to take SOC 100.
(2)	This course can be taken in either term.
(3)	This course can be taken in either term in either Year Three or Year Four.
(4)	Designated SMO electives: SMO 402, 404, 411, 412, 433, 434, and 435. SMO 427, 428 and 442 are recommended electives for General entrepreneurship stream students.
(5)	Designated HECOL/SOC electives: SOC 271; HECOL 200, 210, 310, 313 and 321.
(6)	Students are encouraged to take ACCTG 412, MGTSC 352 or 300- or 400-level MARK)

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise by completing either Option A or Option B, below: a. Option A General Entrepreneurship Minor SMO 430, 431 and 6 of SMO 427, 428, 441, 442 or 450. b. Option B Family Enterprise Minor SMO 428; 3 of SMO 427 or 442; and 6 of SMO 430, 431, 441 or 450

V. Recommended Courses for Specific Career Paths

Students who are considering the following career paths are encouraged to include the following courses when designing their program of studies:

(1)	Students who are interested in starting their own business: SMO 430, 431, and 441; HECOL 321. If they will be starting a business with a (current or potential) family member: Add HECOL 210 or 310.
(2)	Students who are interested in joining a family business (their own or someone else’s): SMO 427 and 428; HECOL 310 or 313. If they will be working in or with an international family business: Add SMO 442 and 435.
(3)	Students who are interested in becoming a professional advisor to family enterprises: SMO 427, 428, and 434; and HECOL 313. If they will be advising family enterprises internationally: Add SMO 442 and 435.

64.2.8 Major in European Studies

I. Description of Field

The Faculty of Business, through its Centre for International Business Studies (CIBS), and in cooperation with the Faculty of Arts, Department of Modern Languages, has developed this innovative and unique program. It is designed to produce Business graduates with all the functional skills required by the modern business world and couple that with language expertise in one or more of the languages of Europe and knowledge of the politics, history, economics and culture of Europe. The importance of the European Union to Canada for both international trade and investment opportunities is well known. Emerging opportunities in Eastern Europe combine with established patterns in Western Europe to provide a new and fertile area of study for the business student.

II. Career Opportunities

International firms are always seeking students with a functional fluency in a European language, combined with familiarity with the social, economic and political structures of Europe. Canadian firms with trading ties to Europe or with European operations frequently prefer the graduate who can be quickly comfortable dealing with European partners or environments.

III. Sequence of Courses

Preprofessional Year

ECON 101

ECON 102

One of ENGL 111, 112, 113, 114

MATH 113

STAT 151

6 in language (See Note 1)

6 in electives outside Business (See Note 2)

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in language (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in language (See Note 1)

6 in free electives (See Note 3)

Year Three

6 European required Arts courses (See Note 5)

3 International Business electives (See Note 4)

6 in language (See Note 1)

9 Senior Business electives

6 in free electives (See Note 2)

Year Four

6 European electives (See Note 6)

6 International Business electives (See Note 4)

9 Senior Business electives

9 in free electives (See Note 3)

Notes
(1)	Students majoring in European Studies have the choice of several different language streams. Students must complete a minimum of 18 in the same language. See (V) for language sequencing and supporting elective coursework in Arts.
(2)	See §64.1.4. Language Studies majors should consider taking basic coursework in European politics or history.
(3)	Language Studies majors are encouraged to use their free electives, particularly in Year Three, to acquire broader skills in functional areas of Business. See section on Minors. Alternatively, they should choose from approved electives in (V).
(4)	International Business Electives may be chosen from the following: ACCTG 442; B LAW 442, 444; BUEC 342, 442; FIN 442; MARK 442; SMO 417, 435. BUEC 342 is recommended as a first course in an International sequence.
(5)	ECON 323, HIST 210, MLCS 201, or POL S 260.
(6)	European electives should be chosen from courses in culture, history, political science, economics and geography (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) relating to their area of interest. As available and appropriate courses will vary from year to year, students should consult the Undergraduate Office for approval of European electives.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in European Studies may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are recommended but are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not do a minor in European Studies.

V. Language Streams

The major in European Studies permits a student to construct a major in any European language providing they are able to fulfill the requirement of 18 course weight in the same language. Students proposing a major not listed should consult the Undergraduate Office in Business before planning their coursework. Language streams already approved with suggested supporting coursework are as follows:

(1)	French: Students interested in French language study should also consider the Bilingual Bachelor of Commerce program. See §§62.1.3 and 64.3. a. Required Language Sequencing: FREN 111, 112, 211, 212; 297 and 298. b. FRANC courses may be substituted for FREN courses where they are equivalents.
(2)	German a. Required Language Sequencing: GERM 111, 112, 211, 212, 303, 304.
(3)	Italian a. Required Language Sequencing: ITAL 111, 112, 211, 212, 393, 3 from 300- or 400-level ITAL courses. b. Students in the Italian stream should consider the Cortona program offered by the Faculty of Arts. For more information, please contact the Faculty of Arts.
(4)	Polish a. Required Language Sequencing: POLSH 111, 112, 211, 212, 303, and 304.
(5)	Russian a. Required Language Sequencing: RUSS 111, 112, 211, 212, 303, and 304.
(6)	Scandinavian (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish) a. Required Language Sequencing: SWED 111, 112, 211, and 212; or NORW 111, 112, 211 and 212; or DANSK 111, 112, 211, and 212; SCAND 410; and 3 from 300- or 400-level SCAND courses.
(7)	Spanish: Students interested in Spanish language study should also consider the Latin American Studies major which concentrates on the language and culture of Latin America. See §64.2.12. a. Required Language Sequencing: SPAN 111, 112, 211, 212, 300 and 3 from 300- or 400- level SPAN courses. b. Required Language Sequencing for Heritage speakers: SPAN 306 and 15 from 300- or 400- level SPAN courses.
(8)	Ukrainian a. Required Language Sequencing: UKR 111, 112, 211, 212, 303, and 304.

64.2.9 Major in Finance

I. Description of Field

Finance is valuable for students interested in general management in large or small businesses. It also opens opportunities which require specialized knowledge.

The Finance program includes study of a number of topics:

(1)	Investors' choices among financial investments (securities), such as stocks and bonds, and the management of investment portfolios;
(2)	Business asset management, including selections of such items as equipment, cash and inventory, and related financial planning;
(3)	Businesses; choices among methods of financing assets through borrowing, retaining earnings and issuing securities, including cost and governance aspects;
(4)	The operation and regulation of security markets and financial institutions;
(5)	Risk management, the transfer and reduction of risk through financial market operations;
(6)	International finance.

II. Career Opportunities

Corporations and government enterprises employ many finance specialists in finance, controllership, investment analysis, and general management positions. Banks, insurance companies, government financial regulatory agencies, and other organizations specializing in financial affairs hire finance specialists in specialized staff positions and as part of their regular management. Instruction in finance provides valuable insights and information for students who plan to enter business for themselves. The problems of obtaining financing and evaluating investment opportunities are frequently critical to the survival and success of the entrepreneurial venture. This major provides a basis for a number of professional designations (listed in section VI).

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

MGTSC 352 (See Note 2)

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 422 or 301

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Note 5)

MIS 311

12 chosen from Finance Major designated electives, which are all 400-level FIN classes (see Notes 5 and 6)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Four

9 chosen from Finance Major designated electives, which are all 400-level FIN classes (See Notes 5 and 6)

21 in free electives

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Two (Winter Term) or Year Three.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(5)	Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281. See §64.1.4(4). ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.
(6)	Students may, with Departmental consent, substitute a maximum of 6 in coursework in ACCTG, BUEC, ECON or MGTSC for FIN electives. Contact the Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis for suggested courses.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Finance may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Students are urged to select areas complementary to the Finance major. Some suggestions and details are listed next. Students may also wish to consider the Cooperative Education program (see §64.5). a. Accounting: A recommended minor area particularly for students who wish to acquire a professional designation in accounting and/or finance. See §64.2.1 and below. b. Management Science: Recommended for students interested in modelling. See §64.2.4. c. Marketing: Recommended for students interested in marketing financial products. (See §§64.2.15 and 64.2.18.) d. MIS/Computing: See the MIS major in §64.2.13. e. International Business: Recommended for students emphasizing international finance. See §64.2.11.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Finance by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5.
(3)	Students wishing to construct informal programs of study outside the Faculty of Business should consider the following suggestions: a. Economics: Selections from ECON 281, 282, 323, 341, 373, 384, 385, 421, 422, 441, 442, 453. b. Statistics/Mathematics: Recommended for students who are interested in research and/or graduate study in finance. Interested students should consult with the Chair of the Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis.

V. Finance Concentrations

There is sufficient flexibility within the Finance major to emphasize specific streams within finance, if desired. These streams are listed together with some recommended electives. It is recommended that students take FIN 412 before FIN 416 or 442. Each of these streams may be combined with minor areas (listed in section IV).

(1)	Corporate Finance/Financial Management: FIN 412, 422, 434, 442; ECON 353; courses in accounting and economics.
(2)	Derivatives/Risk Management: FIN 412, 413, 416; ACCTG 414, 415; ECON 353; other courses in accounting, economics, mathematics and statistics.
(3)	International Finance: BUEC 342, 442; FIN 412, 414, 442; and courses in international economics and trade, history and political science. BUEC 342 is recommended as a first course in an International sequence.
(4)	Investments/Portfolio Management: FIN 412, 413, 414, 416, 442; ACCTG, 414, 432; ECON 353; other courses in accounting, economics, mathematics and statistics.

VI. Professional Designations

Many finance positions require a professional designation. Part of the requirement for a professional designation may be satisfied by elective courses. Please consult the appropriate governing body.

(1)	CA (Chartered Accountant), CGA (Certified General Accountant), CMA (Certified Management Accountant): See §64.2.1(V)
(2)	CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst): Offered by the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts.
(3)	CFP (Chartered Financial Planner): Offered by the Canadian Institute of Financial Planning. Partial credit may be possible for taxation, law and economics courses.
(4)	CBV (Chartered Business Valuator): Offered by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators.
(5)	Canadian Securities Course: Offered by the Canadian Securities Institute and required to sell securities in Canada.
(6)	CIM (Certified Investment Manager): Offered by the Canadian Securities Institute following the Canadian Securities Course.

64.2.10 Major in Human Resource Management

I. Description of Field

The effective management of an organization's human resources is important for success in today's competitive climate. Many managers looking for new sources of competitive advantage are discovering the importance of the quality of their human resources and how they are managed. The HRM major gives students an insight into what is involved in “competing through people.” This program is designed to produce graduates who are knowledgeable about a range of strategic issues which reflect the complex, changing environment in which the management of human resources operates.

II. Career Opportunities

Employment opportunities in the human resources management field exist in private business enterprises, public institutions, labor unions, and not-for-profit organizations. Graduates may start in a number of areas such as staffing, compensation, training, or labor relations. The HRM major has been designed so that it is applicable to either a generalist or a specialist position.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 3)

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

SMO 311 (See Note 5)

6 SMO Human Resource Management electives (See Note 4)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 6)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

6 in free electives (See Notes 1 and 6)

Year Four

SMO 441

9 SMO Human Resource Management electives (See Note 4)

3 SMO electives (unrestricted)

6 Senior Business electives (See Note 6)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

6 in free electives (See Notes 1 and 6)

Notes
(1)	See §§64.1.4 and 64.1.3(6).
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	a. SMO Human Resource Management electives may be chosen from the following: SMO 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 420, 432, 495. b. One of the following may be substituted for the above SMO courses: SOC 363; ECON 331; ENGG 404, 406.
(5)	SMO 311 should be taken as soon as possible in Year Three.
(6)	See §64.1.4. Human Resource Management students are encouraged to take MGTSC 352.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Human Resource Management may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Human Resource Management by completing 12 in the following SMO courses: 311, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 432. In addition to the 12 required for a minor, it is strongly recommended that students take SMO 441.

64.2.11 Major in International Business

I. Description of Field

The Faculty of Business recognizes the importance of providing an international perspective to the BCom program and is therefore committed to designing courses, programs, seminars and conferences through our Centre of International Business Studies. This major allows students to customize their program by choosing a particular country and language and then adding International Business courses, as well as courses in culture, history, economics, and other areas.

II. Career Opportunities

Graduates of this program will present a unique degree that enables career development in all areas of international business in Canada and abroad. The combination of business, language and cultural courses creates graduates with a flexible and broad view of the international trading community. Students in this major should consider a student exchange as part of their experience.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 3)

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Notes 3 and 6)

BUEC 342

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

6 International Business electives (See Note 4)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

BUEC 442

BUEC 479

6 International Business electives (See Note 4)

12 Senior Business electives (See Note 5)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4. Students majoring in International Business must have a minimum of 12 in a second language, and it is recommended this be commenced by Year Two. Students should take their optional courses in culture, history, political science, economics and geography (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) in their area of interest.
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, fall term.
(4)	International Business electives may be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four and must include a minimum of 12 chosen from the following: ACCTG 442; B LAW 442, 444; BUEC 444; FIN 442; MARK 442; SMO 417, 435.
(5)	See following section on Minors.
(6)	Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281. See §64.1.4(4). ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in International Business are required to do a minor in another area of Business. See §64.1.5. International Business students are permitted to count one of the secondary core courses required in the International Business major as one of the four courses constituting their minor.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in International Business by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5.

64.2.12 Major in Latin American Studies

I. Description of Field

The Faculty of Business, through its Centre for International Business Studies (CIBS), and in cooperation with the Faculty of Arts, Department of Modern Languages, has developed this innovative and unique program. It has been designed to produce business graduates with an expertise in the language, culture, history, and economics of the Spanish-speaking nations of North, Central, and South America. Formal international study exchanges in Mexico, Chile and elsewhere are available and would enhance the experience in the program.

II. Career Opportunities

On graduation, students would have the functional business skills required of today's managers as well as the language capability and cultural sensitivity that would enable them to interact comfortably with Alberta's and Canada's trading partners. A graduate would also qualify to assume an overseas posting or to pursue further studies in Mexico or Central and South American countries. Opportunities in all areas of business would exist in the government and the private sector, particularly in connection with the North American Free Trade Agreement.

III. Sequence of Courses

Preprofessional Year

ECON 101

ECON 102

One of ENGL 111, 112, 113, 114

MATH 113

SPAN 111 and 112 (see Note 1)

STAT 151

6 in electives outside Business (See Note 2)

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MGTSC 312

MARK 301

SPAN 211

Year Two—Winter

FIN 301

SMO 201

SPAN 212

6 in free electives (See Notes 2 and 4)

Year Three

HIST 241 or 242

SPAN 300

3 in 300- or 400- level SPAN

12 Senior Business electives

9 in free electives (See Notes 2 and 4)

Year Four

9 Latin-American electives (See Note 3)

9 International Business electives (See Note 3)

6 Senior Business electives

6 in free electives (See Notes 2 and 4)

Notes
(1)	Language Sequencing is shown for non-Heritage Speakers. Heritage speakers are required to begin with SPAN 306. Such students should consult with the Department of Modern Languages on appropriate sequencing of courses.
(2)	See §64.1.4
(3)	Latin American electives should be chosen from courses in culture, history, political science, economics and geography (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) relating to their area of interest. As available and appropriate courses will vary from year to year, students should consult the Undergraduate Office for approval of Latin American electives.
(4)	Language Studies majors are encouraged to use their free electives, particularly in Year Three, to acquire broader skills in functional areas of Business. Students are advised to see §64.1.5 and the following section of Minors.
(5)	International Business electives may be chosen from the following: ACCTG 442; B LAW 442, 444; BUEC 342, 442; FIN 442; MARK 442; SMO 417, 435. BUEC 342 is recommended as a first course in an International sequence.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Latin American Studies may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are recommended but not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may not complete a minor in Latin American Studies.

64.2.13 Major in Management Information Systems

I. Description of Field

This program combines technical and business perspectives to create indepth education in the efficient and effective use of information technology in business. Most organizations today are being transformed by the Internet, electronic commerce and computerized information systems: this transformation is at the heart of management information systems. Knowledge of information technology has become essential to modern management, and the management information systems major, minor and concentrations provide the managerial capability to manage information systems or to assist senior management in its information technology strategy.

II. Career Opportunities

Computerized information systems are being used increasingly to carry out all types of business transactions and organizational information processing. This suggests that future managers in industrial and commercial enterprises, financial and auditing institutions, and government will require significant technology management skills to do their jobs. An MIS concentration is recommended for those who aspire to become information systems professionals [for example, the Information Systems Professional designation offered by the Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)]. Careers include business analysts, strategic technology planners, database administrators, systems engineers, and others, that generally lead to the position of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Careers in other fields such as accounting are also enhanced by a strong grounding in information systems.

III. Sequence of Courses

Preprofessional Year (recommended electives)

CMPUT 114 and 115 or CMPUT 174 and 175 (See Note 1)

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

CMPUT 114 or 174 (See Note 2)

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 or MGTSC 352 (See Note 5)

CMPUT 115 or 175 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

MIS 311

SMO 201

Year Three

BUEC 311 (See Note 6)

MGTSC 352 or ACCTG 322 (See Note 5)

MIS 413

MIS 415

MIS 417

15 in free electives (See Notes 3 and 4)

Year Four

MIS 419 or CMPUT 201 (See Note 3)

MIS 441

6 Management Information Systems electives (See Note 7)

9 Senior Business electives

9 in free electives (See Notes 3 and 4)

Notes
(1)	Students are strongly advised to consider taking CMPUT 114 and 115 in their Preprofessional year, and in any event, must take them no later than Year Three. Students with no prior programming experience should either take CMPUT 101 followed by CMPUT 114 and 115, or take the CMPUT 174 and 175 sequence, which does not require prior programming experience. All of these courses satisfy the requirements for electives outside Business in Year Two.
(2)	If not already taken in the Preprofessional year.
(3)	MIS majors must take either MIS 419 or CMPUT 201. (The other may be taken as an elective.) While MIS 419 is a fourth year course, CMPUT 201 may be taken earlier, and should be taken as soon as practicable, especially by students interested in the Computing Science minor. Some MIS students prefer a business-oriented background. Others may find it useful to develop a stronger background in computing science. The latter students should consult the Computing Science section or seek Faculty advice for appropriate additional course offerings and sequencing. Students must contact the Department of Accounting, Operations and Information Systems early in their program for guidance as to appropriate and available coursework.
(4)	See §64.1.4.
(5)	Either ACCTG 322 or MGTSC 352 may be taken in Year Two with the other taken in Year Three.
(6)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(7)	Management Information Systems electives may be chosen from the following: any 400-level MIS course; CMPUT 201; CIV E 303; ACCTG 435; ACCTG 437; any 400-level MGTSC course.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Management Information Systems are encouraged to consider choosing a minor in another subject area of Business, or in Computing Science [see Note (3) below]. See §64.1.5. See also Section V, MIS Concentrations.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Management Information Systems by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5
(3)	Students with a declared major in Management Information Systems may complete a minor in Computing Science by completion of the following four courses: CMPUT 204, 229, 272 and 379. Students wishing to take this route should consider very early on how to structure their program so as to allow for the proper sequencing of courses and the obtaining of all necessary prerequisites, for example, CMPUT 201 is necessary for the above course sequence.

V. MIS Concentrations

MIS major or other students who wish to deepen their competence should consider focusing on areas of concentration. For MIS majors, these areas build on the required courses; for other students, they may form a useful related set. Suggested concentrations will be set out by the Accounting, Operations and Information Systems Department from time to time and students are encouraged to contact the Department for more information. Five example concentrations, which include some or all of the indicated courses, are:

(1)	Programming/technical: (See Computing Science minor).
(2)	Managerial/business: MIS 412, MIS 426, SMO 441, MGTSC 431, MIS 435 or ACCTG 435.
(3)	E-commerce: MIS 418, MARK 450, SMO 450, SMO 433, ACCTG 436, MIS 435 or ACCTG 435.
(4)	Business systems analysis: SMO 432, SMO 433, MGTSC 426, MIS 435 or ACCTG 435.
(5)	Accounting information systems: MIS 437 or ACCTG 437, ACCTG 424, ACCTG 426, MGTSC 431, ACCTG 436, MIS 435 or ACCTG 435.

64.2.14 Major in Management and Organization

I. Description of Field

In today's business environment it is crucially important that those in management positions develop the analytical and interpersonal skills necessary to meet the increasing challenge of globalization and rapid change. The major is designed for students interested in learning how effective managers think and act in a range of enterprises: public, not-for-profit, and voluntary as well as for profit, business enterprises. It offers students the diagnostic skills that enable them to understand, analyze and solve problems in organizations, as well as the opportunity to develop leadership, social and interpersonal skills. Areas covered include strategically managing the team environment; the development of a quality committed workforce; and the management of workplace and cultural diversity. The major is designed to provide a broad critical reflection on the complexity of issues facing those managing organizations, not simple “fix-it” solutions.

A minor in management and organization is a useful complement to other specialist areas such as accountancy, finance or marketing. A successful manager will need to be aware of how their decisions impact on organizations and people working with them. A minor will give students the necessary organizational background to avoid taking decisions in isolation that could lead to operational and implementation problems that thwart important innovation initiatives.

II. Career Opportunities

Employers are increasingly seeking students with a broad understanding of organizations that will prepare them for an eventual position of significant leadership in an organization. The major in management and organization is a good career choice for any student who sees their future in a general management/leadership position or in the growing field of management consultancy specializing in, for example, change management consulting, business planning consultant or management training. As management is essential to the effective functioning of any organization, career opportunities are available for managers in all sectors of the economy. The flexibility of the major allows students to tailor courses to meet their personal design.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCT 322 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

SMO 322 (See Note 5)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 3)

9 SMO electives (See Note 4)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Four

SMO 441

9 SMO electives (unrestricted)

6 Senior Business electives (See Note 3)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in either Year Three or Four.
(3)	See §64.1.3. Management and Organization students are encouraged to take MGTSC 352.
(4)	Any SMO course excluding SMO 488 and 495.
(5)	May be taken in any term.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Management and Organization may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Management and Organization by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5. SMO 322 and 441 are strongly recommended.

64.2.15 Major in Marketing

I. Description of Field

Fundamental to success in Marketing is (a) a sound understanding of consumer behavior and customer decision making; (b) an understanding of how to collect and use information about the marketplace; and (c) an ability to integrate the components of a marketing mix to solve marketing problems.

These are provided through required courses for the major. Optional courses enable students to obtain greater depth in functional areas of marketing such as promotion, selling, and channel management, or exposure to such exchange environments as retailing, services, and international.

II. Career Opportunities

Former monopoly, public sector, and professional organizations, which once spurned marketing, now find it is critical to their business success. Marketing also provides an opportunity to apply creative flair in advertising and promotions; interpersonal and communications skills in sales, public and customer relations; and analytical skills in marketing research and database marketing.

Marketing majors are well trained for careers in all sectors of the economy. Entry level positions for majors occur in Sales, Customer Service, Public Relations, Promotions, Distribution, Direct Marketing, Advertising, and Marketing Research. Majors are also well placed to identify opportunities and develop marketing plans for their own entrepreneurial manufacturing, service or retailing ventures.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 3)

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 (See Note 3)

MARK 312

MARK 320

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

3 Marketing electives (See Note 4)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

MARK 432

MARK 468

MARK 472

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 5)

12 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	Marketing electives may be chosen from any 400-level MARK course.
(5)	See §64.1.3

IV.Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Marketing may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Marketing students are permitted to count one of the secondary core courses required in the Marketing major as one of the four courses constituting their minor.
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Marketing by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5.

64.2.16 Major in Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment

I. Description of Field

The Major in Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment is fully integrated with Alberta’s world-renowned energy and resource-based economy, incorporating practical learning and dynamic interaction with business leaders. Students develop business and analytical skills that are applicable to the natural resources and energy markets, including environmental issues, and acquire a broad understanding of the resource and energy industries, from the exploration and project development phases, through extraction and transformation, to transportation, logistics marketing and market issues. This allows students to address and analyze key strategic questions facing today’s business leaders and policy makers. Throughout the program the many links between resource and energy questions and environmental issues are highlighted, analyzed, and understood.

The major allows students to address these types of business challenges

•How can organizations, both private and public, profitably develop and market natural resources, while safeguarding the environment and ensuring sufficient resources for future generations?

•How can firms use financial instruments to mitigate price risk in energy and resource markets?

•How should governments manage public resources, both renewable and nonrenewable, in order to maximize total benefit to society?

•How will the development of alternative energy sources impact prices in the future and what strategies should energy consumers develop in considering technological investment?

•How can investors, both public and private, effectively plan today in order to account for the uncertainty related to future climate change regulation?

II. Career Opportunities

Natural Resources, Energy and Environment graduates may work in both the private and public sector, in Alberta, elsewhere in Canada, and throughout the World. Graduates may work in managerial positions related to the energy, resources and environmental sectors. They would be valuable to any organization working either directly or indirectly with the oil and gas, electricity, forestry or other industries in this sector, as well as large users of energy resources. They would be a valuable asset to any organization sensitive to environmental or conservation issues.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322

ECON 281 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

ORG A 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Three

B LAW 301

ECON 384

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

3 from ECON 365, 366 or 369

3 Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment electives (See Note 4)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Notes 1 and 5)

Year Four

BUEC 463

BUEC 464

BUEC 479

B LAW 428

ECON 467 (See Note 6)

6 Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment electives (See Note 4)

9 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	See §64.1.4(4). Students should not take BUEC 311.
(3)	May be taken in either of Year Three or Year Four, however it is recommended that students take both courses in Year Three.
(4)	Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment electives may be chosen from the following courses: ECON 355, 361, 365, 366, 369, 373, 471, 472; FIN 413. Additional courses may be counted as NREE electives with the consent of the Department.
(5)	ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.
(6)	ECON 467 is a capstone course and may only be taken by students in Year Four. Students must have completed one of ECON 365, 366 or 369 prior to taking ECON 467.

IV. Minors

(1)

Students with a declared major in Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment students are permitted to count one of the secondary core courses required in the Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment major as one of the four courses constituting their minor.

(2)

Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment by completing both B LAW 301 and ECON 281 (whether or not they are required by the student's major). An additional 9 in Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment courses at the 300- or 400-level from the following list is also required: BUEC 463, 464; B LAW 428, ECON 365, 366, 369.

64.2.17 Major in Operations Management

I. Description of Field

All firms have an operations function. It is the group of people concerned with delivering a product or service to the customer. A basic understanding of this process is important within all functional areas of a firm. The success of many businesses and government organizations depends on how efficiently they can match supply and demand. In general, operations management students study the business processes needed for the purchasing, transformation and delivery of goods and services. Specific topics include demand forecasting, workforce planning and scheduling, production planning and scheduling, inventory management, and supply chain management. These topics are supported and complemented by the study of analytical tools such as optimization and simulation, which are useful not only to analyze operations but other business issues as well.

II. Career Opportunities

Opportunities for majors are in the operations function of any firm. Large firms have departments dedicated to different aspects of the operations function. Smaller firms need operations specialists to drive out cost from the delivery process. Firms with international operations, including ones who outsource parts of their operations, need people who can manage international supply chains. Business analysts provide simulation or mathematical models of crucial decisions to inform choices. Minors in Operations Management with a concentration in Business Analytics will learn to develop decision support systems to help inform choices in their field. Minors concentrating in Operations will bring to their job an understanding of the process by which the firm satisfies customer needs.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 or MIS 311 (See Note 2)

FIN 301

OM 352

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Three

ACCTG 322 or MIS 311 (See Note 2)

B LAW 301 (See Note 3)

BUEC 311 or ECON 281 (See Note 5)

12 in Operations Management electives (See Note 4)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in elective outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

9 in Operations Management electives (See Note 4)

21 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	Either ACCTG 322 or MIS 311 may be taken in Year Two with the other taken in Year Three.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	Operations Management electives may be chosen from any 400-level OM courses and from a list of additional approved courses available from the Department of Accounting, Operations, and Information Systems. At least four of the seven Operations Management electives must be chosen from 400-level OM courses, MGTSC 405 and 422.
(5)	Students planning to take advanced course work in Economics may wish to substitute ECON 281. See §64.1.4(4). ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Operations Management may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Students are urged to select areas complementary to the Operations Management major. Some suggestions and details are listed next. Students may also wish to consider the Cooperative Education program (see §64.5).
(2)	Students with a declared major in another area may complete a minor in Operations Management by fulfilling the requirements of §64.1.5. 3 must be in OM 352.
(3)	Students wishing to construct informal programs of study outside the Faculty of Business should consider the following suggestions: a. Economics: Any senior ECON course, with Departmental approval. b. Statistics/Mathematics Computing Science: Additional work is recommended for students who are interested in graduate studies, for example, MATH 373 and STAT 265.

V. Operations Management Concentrations

Students majoring in Operations Management can tailor their program to focus on either Operations (the purchasing, transformation and delivery of goods and services to customers) or Business Analytics (modeling and analysis to support decisions in operations and other fields). Recommended courses for each of these streams are listed below.

(1)	Operations: OM 410, 411, 426, 461, 468; MGTSC 405, 455; MIS 424, 426; other courses in management information systems
(2)	Business Analytics: OM 422, 471, 468; MGTSC 405; MIS 412; other courses in finance, marketing, management information systems, mathematics, statistics, and economics.

VI. Professional Designations

Many Operations Management positions require a professional designation. Elective courses in Operations Management help prepare students for pursuing professional designations and count towards the requirements of some professional designations. Please consult the appropriate governing body.

(1)	CPIM (Certified in Production and Inventory Management) and CSCP (Certified Supply Chain Professional): Offered by APICS: The Association for Operations Management.
(2)	SCMP (Strategic Supply chain Management Professional): Offered by the Purchasing Management Association of Canada.
(3)	CITT: Offered by the Canadian Institute of Traffic and transport.
(4)	CORS Diploma: Offered by the Canadian Operational Research Society.

64.2.18 Major in Retailing and Services

I. Description of Field

The following are fundamental to the successful operation and management of retailing and consumer services organizations:

(1)	A sound understanding of consumer behavior and decision making
(2)	A knowledge of the institutional characteristics and merchandising processes that differentiate managing retailing and consumer service organizations from managing other organizations
(3)	Management of the front-line selling process
(4)	An understanding of the process of delivering service quality

Students must complete the common core for the BCom program. Optional courses include a summer internship, a placement in a sponsoring organization providing work experience, while also conducting a project under academic supervision.

II. Career Opportunities

Over 70% of all employment in modern western economies is now in the broadly defined service sector. As a result, retailing and consumer services provide some of the best opportunities to apply business concepts and skills to a variety of merchandising and managerial problems in large and small entrepreneurial organizations. Graduates are well positioned for successful careers in retail sales and service positions. Entry-level managerial positions for graduates of the program are expected to include assistant buyers and store managers for larger store operations, and in the operations, public relations, and promotions areas. Graduates are also well placed to initiate franchise or entrepreneurial ventures in the retailing and services sector.

III. Sequence of Courses

Year Two—Fall

ACCTG 311

BUS 201

MARK 301

MGTSC 312

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Two—Winter

ACCTG 322 (See Note 3)

FIN 301

SMO 201

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

3 in free electives (See Note 1)

Year Three

B LAW 301 (See Note 2)

BUEC 311 (See Note 3)

MARK 320

MARK 468

MGTSC 352 (See Note 3)

MIS 311 (See Note 3)

3 Retailing and Services electives (See Note 4)

6 in free electives (See Note 1)

3 in electives outside Business (See Note 1)

Year Four

MARK 432

MARK 466

3 Retailing and Services electives (See Note 4)

9 Senior Business electives (See Note 5)

12 in free electives (See Note 1)

Notes
(1)	See §64.1.4
(2)	May be taken in either Year Three or Four.
(3)	May be taken in any year except Year Two, Fall Term.
(4)	Retailing and Services electives may be chosen from the following: ECON 462; MARK 312, 420, 442, 450, 465, 470, 488, 490, 491, 495; SMO 431.
(5)	See §64.1.3
(6)	ECON courses used to satisfy the requirements of this major may not also be used to satisfy the requirements for coursework outside the Faculty of Business.

IV. Minors

(1)	Students with a declared major in Retailing and Services may choose to do a minor in any subject area of Business. See §64.1.5. Minors are not required. Retailing and Services students are permitted to count one of the secondary core courses required in the Retailing and Services major as one of the four courses constituting their minor.
(2)	Students with a declared major in Marketing may choose to do a minor in Retailing and Services by completing MARK 466 and an additional 9 in Marketing courses at the 400-level which have not been used to satisfy the requirements for the Marketing major.
(3)	Students with a declared major in other areas of Business besides Marketing may complete a minor in Retailing and Services by completing MARK 320, 466, 468 and an additional 3 from MARK 432, 450, 465, 470.

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